Penpot UI/UX Design Guide

Create professional, user-centered designs in Penpot using the penpot/penpot-mcp MCP server and proven UI/UX principles.

Available MCP Tools

MCP Server Setup

The Penpot MCP tools require the penpot/penpot-mcp server running locally. For detailed installation and troubleshooting, see setup-troubleshooting.md.

Before Setup: Check If Already Running

Always check if the MCP server is already available before attempting setup:

1. Try calling a tool first: Attempt mcp__penpot__penpot_api_info - if it succeeds, the server is running and connected. No setup needed.

2. If the tool fails, ask the user:

   "The Penpot MCP server doesn't appear to be connected. Is the server already installed and running? If so, I can help troubleshoot. If not, I can guide you through the setup."

3. Only proceed with setup instructions if the user confirms the server is not installed.

Quick Start (Only If Not Installed)

# Clone and install
git clone https://github.com/penpot/penpot-mcp.git
cd penpot-mcp
npm install

# Build and start servers
npm run bootstrap

Then in Penpot:

1. Open a design file
2. Go to Plugins → Load plugin from URL
3. Enter: http://localhost:4400/manifest.json
4. Click "Connect to MCP server" in the plugin UI

VS Code Configuration

Add to settings.json:

{
  "mcp": {
    "servers": {
      "penpot": {
        "url": "http://localhost:4401/sse"
      }
    }
  }
}

Troubleshooting (If Server Is Installed But Not Working)

Quick Reference

Core Design Principles

The Golden Rules

1. Clarity over cleverness: Every element must have a purpose
2. Consistency builds trust: Reuse patterns, colors, and components
3. User goals first: Design for tasks, not features
4. Accessibility is not optional: Design for everyone
5. Test with real users: Validate assumptions early

Visual Hierarchy (Priority Order)

1. Size: Larger = more important
2. Color/Contrast: High contrast draws attention
3. Position: Top-left (LTR) gets seen first
4. Whitespace: Isolation emphasizes importance
5. Typography weight: Bold stands out

Design Workflow

1. Check for design system first: Ask user if they have existing tokens/specs, or discover from current Penpot file
2. Understand the page: Call mcp__penpot__execute_code with penpotUtils.shapeStructure() to see hierarchy
3. Find elements: Use penpotUtils.findShapes() to locate elements by type or name
4. Create/modify: Use penpot.createBoard(), penpot.createRectangle(), penpot.createText() etc.
5. Apply layout: Use addFlexLayout() for responsive containers
6. Validate: Call mcp__penpot__export_shape to visually check your work

Design System Handling

Before creating designs, determine if the user has an existing design system:

1. Ask the user: "Do you have a design system or brand guidelines to follow?"
2. Discover from Penpot: Check for existing components, colors, and patterns

// Discover existing design patterns in current file
const allShapes = penpotUtils.findShapes(() => true, penpot.root);

// Find existing colors in use
const colors = new Set();
allShapes.forEach(s => {
  if (s.fills) s.fills.forEach(f => colors.add(f.fillColor));
});

// Find existing text styles (font sizes, weights)
const textStyles = allShapes
  .filter(s => s.type === 'text')
  .map(s => ({ fontSize: s.fontSize, fontWeight: s.fontWeight }));

// Find existing components
const components = penpot.library.local.components;

return { colors: [...colors], textStyles, componentCount: components.length };

If user HAS a design system:

• Use their specified colors, spacing, typography
• Match their existing component patterns
• Follow their naming conventions

If user has NO design system:

• Use the default tokens below as a starting point
• Offer to help establish consistent patterns
• Reference specs in component-patterns.md

Key Penpot API Gotchas

• width/height are READ-ONLY → use shape.resize(w, h)
• parentX/parentY are READ-ONLY → use penpotUtils.setParentXY(shape, x, y)
• Use insertChild(index, shape) for z-ordering (not appendChild)
• Flex children array order is REVERSED for dir="column" or dir="row"
• After text.resize(), reset growType to "auto-width" or "auto-height"

Positioning New Boards

Always check existing boards before creating new ones to avoid overlap:

// Find all existing boards and calculate next position
const boards = penpotUtils.findShapes(s => s.type === 'board', penpot.root);
let nextX = 0;
const gap = 100; // Space between boards

if (boards.length > 0) {
  // Find rightmost board edge
  boards.forEach(b => {
    const rightEdge = b.x + b.width;
    if (rightEdge + gap > nextX) {
      nextX = rightEdge + gap;
    }
  });
}

// Create new board at calculated position
const newBoard = penpot.createBoard();
newBoard.x = nextX;
newBoard.y = 0;
newBoard.resize(375, 812);

Board spacing guidelines:

• Use 100px gap between related screens (same flow)
• Use 200px+ gap between different sections/flows
• Align boards vertically (same y) for visual organization
• Group related screens horizontally in user flow order

Default Design Tokens

Use these defaults only when user has no design system. Always prefer user's tokens if available.

Spacing Scale (8px base)

Typography Scale

Color Usage

Common Layouts

Mobile Screen (375×812)

┌─────────────────────────────┐
│ Status Bar (44px)           │
├─────────────────────────────┤
│ Header/Nav (56px)           │
├─────────────────────────────┤
│                             │
│ Content Area                │
│ (Scrollable)                │
│ Padding: 16px horizontal    │
│                             │
├─────────────────────────────┤
│ Bottom Nav/CTA (84px)       │
└─────────────────────────────┘

Desktop Dashboard (1440×900)

┌──────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
│      │ Header (64px)                    │
│ Side │──────────────────────────────────│
│ bar  │ Page Title + Actions             │
│      │──────────────────────────────────│
│ 240  │ Content Grid                     │
│ px   │ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ │
│      │ │Card │ │Card │ │Card │ │Card │ │
│      │ └─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ │
│      │                                  │
└──────┴──────────────────────────────────┘