Migrating from Terraform to Pulumi

Critical constraints — read before acting:

• Do NOT run pulumi convert — use the terraform-migrate plugin instead, which preserves state mapping.
• Do NOT run pulumi package add terraform-module — this is for a different workflow.
• Do NOT create the Pulumi project under /workspace — create it inside the checked-out repo.
• Replace ${terraform_dir} and ${pulumi_dir} below with the actual paths confirmed with the user.

First establish scope and plan the migration by working out with the user:

• where the Terraform sources are (${terraform_dir})
• where the migrated Pulumi project lives (${pulumi_dir})
• what is the target Pulumi language (such as TypeScript, Python, YAML)
• whether migration aims to setup Pulumi stack states, or only translate source code

Confirm the plan with the user before proceeding.

Create a new Pulumi project in ${pulumi_dir} in the chosen language. Edit sources to be empty and not declare any resources. Ensure a Pulumi stack exists.

You must run pulumi_up tool before proceeding to ensure initial stack state is written.

If no local .tfstate file exists in ${terraform_dir}, the state may be in a remote backend (S3, Pulumi Cloud, Terraform Cloud, etc.). Pull it before proceeding:

cd ${terraform_dir} && terraform state pull > terraform.tfstate

This works for all backends, including Pulumi Cloud. If terraform is not available, try tofu state pull instead.

Now produce a draft Pulumi state translation:

pulumi plugin run terraform-migrate -- stack \
    --from ${terraform_dir} \
    --to ${pulumi_dir} \
    --out /tmp/pulumi-state.json \
    --plugins /tmp/required-providers.json

Do NOT install the plugin as it will auto-install as needed.

Sometimes terraform-migrate plugin fails because tofu refresh is not authorized. DO NOT skip this step. Work with the user to find or build a Pulumi ESC environment that provides the necessary credentials so the command can succeed. If setting up an ESC environment is not feasible, inform the user that the migration cannot proceed automatically.

Read the generated /tmp/required-providers.json and install all these Pulumi providers into the new project, respecting the suggested versions even if they downgrade an already installed provider. The file will contain records such as [{"name":"aws","version":"7.12.0"}].

Install providers as project dependencies using the language-specific package manager (NOT pulumi plugin install, which only downloads plugins without adding dependencies):

# TypeScript/JavaScript
npm install @pulumi/[email protected]

# Python
pip install pulumi_aws==7.12.0

# Go
go get github.com/pulumi/pulumi-aws/sdk/[email protected]

# C#
dotnet add package Pulumi.Aws --version 7.12.0

Import the translated state draft (/tmp/pulumi-state.json) into the Pulumi stack:

pulumi stack import --file /tmp/pulumi-state.json

Translate source code to match both the Terraform source and the translated state. Aim for exact match. You can consult the state draft /tmp/pulumi-state.json for Pulumi resource types and names to use.

Iterate on fixing the source code until pulumi_preview tool confirms that there are no changes to make and the diff is empty or almost empty. Provider diffs or diffs on tags may be OK.

Offer the user to link an ESC environment to the stack so that each Pulumi stack can seamlessly have access to the provider credentials it needs.

When all looks good, create a Pull Request with the migrated source code.