Drizzle ORM

Modern TypeScript-first ORM with zero dependencies, compile-time type safety, and SQL-like syntax. Optimized for edge runtimes and serverless environments.

Quick Start

Installation

# Core ORM
npm install drizzle-orm

# Database driver (choose one)
npm install pg            # PostgreSQL
npm install mysql2        # MySQL
npm install better-sqlite3 # SQLite

# Drizzle Kit (migrations)
npm install -D drizzle-kit

Basic Setup

// db/schema.ts
import { pgTable, serial, text, timestamp } from 'drizzle-orm/pg-core';

export const users = pgTable('users', {
  id: serial('id').primaryKey(),
  email: text('email').notNull().unique(),
  name: text('name').notNull(),
  createdAt: timestamp('created_at').defaultNow(),
});

// db/client.ts
import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/node-postgres';
import { Pool } from 'pg';
import * as schema from './schema';

const pool = new Pool({ connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL });
export const db = drizzle(pool, { schema });

First Query

import { db } from './db/client';
import { users } from './db/schema';
import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm';

// Insert
const newUser = await db.insert(users).values({
  email: '[email protected]',
  name: 'John Doe',
}).returning();

// Select
const allUsers = await db.select().from(users);

// Where
const user = await db.select().from(users).where(eq(users.id, 1));

// Update
await db.update(users).set({ name: 'Jane Doe' }).where(eq(users.id, 1));

// Delete
await db.delete(users).where(eq(users.id, 1));

Schema Definition

Column Types Reference

Common Schema Patterns

import { pgTable, serial, text, varchar, integer, boolean, timestamp, json, unique } from 'drizzle-orm/pg-core';

export const users = pgTable('users', {
  id: serial('id').primaryKey(),
  email: varchar('email', { length: 255 }).notNull().unique(),
  passwordHash: varchar('password_hash', { length: 255 }).notNull(),
  role: text('role', { enum: ['admin', 'user', 'guest'] }).default('user'),
  metadata: json('metadata').$type<{ theme: string; locale: string }>(),
  isActive: boolean('is_active').default(true),
  createdAt: timestamp('created_at').defaultNow().notNull(),
  updatedAt: timestamp('updated_at').defaultNow().notNull(),
}, (table) => ({
  emailIdx: unique('email_unique_idx').on(table.email),
}));

// Infer TypeScript types
type User = typeof users.$inferSelect;
type NewUser = typeof users.$inferInsert;

Relations

One-to-Many

import { pgTable, serial, text, integer } from 'drizzle-orm/pg-core';
import { relations } from 'drizzle-orm';

export const authors = pgTable('authors', {
  id: serial('id').primaryKey(),
  name: text('name')