Performance Optimization

When to use this skill

• Slow page loads: low Lighthouse score
• Slow rendering: delayed user interactions
• Large bundle size: increased download time
• Slow queries: database bottlenecks

Instructions

Step 1: Measure performance

Lighthouse (Chrome DevTools):

# CLI
npm install -g lighthouse
lighthouse https://example.com --view

# Automate in CI
lighthouse https://example.com --output=json --output-path=./report.json

Measure Web Vitals (React):

import { getCLS, getFID, getFCP, getLCP, getTTFB } from 'web-vitals';

function sendToAnalytics(metric: any) {
  // Send to Google Analytics, Datadog, etc.
  console.log(metric);
}

getCLS(sendToAnalytics);
getFID(sendToAnalytics);
getFCP(sendToAnalytics);
getLCP(sendToAnalytics);
getTTFB(sendToAnalytics);

Step 2: Optimize React

React.memo (prevent unnecessary re-renders):

// ❌ Bad: child re-renders whenever the parent re-renders
function ExpensiveComponent({ data }: { data: Data }) {
  return <div>{/* complex rendering */}</div>;
}

// ✅ Good: re-render only when props change
const ExpensiveComponent = React.memo(({ data }: { data: Data }) => {
  return <div>{/* complex rendering */}</div>;
});

useMemo & useCallback:

function ProductList({ products, category }: Props) {
  // ✅ Memoize filtered results
  const filteredProducts = useMemo(() => {
    return products.filter(p => p.category === category);
  }, [products, category]);

  // ✅ Memoize callback
  const handleAddToCart = useCallback((id: string) => {
    addToCart(id);
  }, []);

  return (
    <div>
      {filteredProducts.map(product => (
        <ProductCard key={product.id} product={product} onAdd={handleAddToCart} />
      ))}
    </div>
  );
}

Lazy Loading & Code Splitting:

import { lazy, Suspense } from 'react';

// ✅ Route-based code splitting
const Dashboard = lazy(() => import('./pages/Dashboard'));
const Profile = lazy(() => import('./pages/Profile'));
const Settings = lazy(() => import('./pages/Settings'));

function App() {
  return (
    <Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}>
      <Routes>
        <Route path="/dashboard" element={<Dashboard />} />
        <Route path="/profile" element={<Profile />} />
        <Route path="/settings" element={<Settings />} />
      </Routes>
    </Suspense>
  );
}

// ✅ Component-based lazy loading
const HeavyChart = lazy(() => import('./components/HeavyChart'));

function Dashboard() {
  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Dashboard</h1>
      <Suspense fallback={<Skeleton />}>
        <HeavyChart data={data} />
      </Suspense>
    </div>
  );
}

Step 3: Optimize bundle size

Webpack Bundle Analyzer:

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