Photos, Camera & Media

Modern patterns for photo picking, camera capture, image loading, and media permissions targeting iOS 26+ with Swift 6.2. Patterns are backward-compatible to iOS 16 unless noted.

See references/photospicker-patterns.md for complete picker recipes and references/camera-capture.md for AVCaptureSession patterns.

Contents

• PhotosPicker (SwiftUI, iOS 16+)
• Privacy and Permissions
• Camera Capture Basics
• Image Loading and Display
• Common Mistakes
• Review Checklist
• References

PhotosPicker (SwiftUI, iOS 16+)

PhotosPicker is the native SwiftUI replacement for UIImagePickerController. It runs out-of-process, requires no photo library permission for browsing, and supports single or multi-selection with media type filtering.

Single Selection

import SwiftUI
import PhotosUI

struct SinglePhotoPicker: View {
    @State private var selectedItem: PhotosPickerItem?
    @State private var selectedImage: Image?

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            if let selectedImage {
                selectedImage
                    .resizable()
                    .scaledToFit()
                    .frame(maxHeight: 300)
            }

            PhotosPicker("Select Photo", selection: $selectedItem, matching: .images)
        }
        .onChange(of: selectedItem) { _, newItem in
            Task {
                if let data = try? await newItem?.loadTransferable(type: Data.self),
                   let uiImage = UIImage(data: data) {
                    selectedImage = Image(uiImage: uiImage)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Multi-Selection

struct MultiPhotoPicker: View {
    @State private var selectedItems: [PhotosPickerItem] = []
    @State private var selectedImages: [Image] = []

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            ScrollView(.horizontal) {
                HStack {
                    ForEach(selectedImages.indices, id: \.self) { index in
                        selectedImages[index]
                            .resizable()
                            .scaledToFill()
                            .frame(width: 100, height: 100)
                            .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8))
                    }
                }
            }

            PhotosPicker(
                "Select Photos",
                selection: $selectedItems,
                maxSelectionCount: 5,
                matching: .images
            )
        }
        .onChange(of: selectedItems) { _, newItems in
            Task {
                selectedImages = []
                for item in newItems {
                    if let data = try? await item.loadTransferable(type: Data.self),
                       let uiImage = UIImage(data: data) {
                        selectedImages.append(Image(uiImage: uiImage))
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Media Type Filtering

Filter with PHPickerFilter composites to restrict selectable media:

// Images only
PhotosPicker(selection: $items, matching: .images)

// Videos only
PhotosPicker(selection: $items, matching: .videos)

// Live Photos only
PhotosPicker(selection: $items, matching: .livePhotos)

// Screenshots only
PhotosPicker(selection: $items, matching: .screenshots)

// Images and videos combined
PhotosPicker(selection: $items, matching: .any(of: [.images, .videos]))

// Images excluding screenshots
PhotosPicker(selection: $items, matching: .all(of: [.images, .not(.screenshots)]))

Loading Selected Items with Transferable

PhotosPickerItem loads content asynchronously via loadTransferable(type:). Define a Transferable type for automatic decoding:

struct PickedImage: Transferable {
    let data: Data
    let image: Image

    static var transferRepresentation: some TransferRepresentation {
        DataRepresentation(importedContentType: .image) { data in
            guard let uiImage = UIImage(data: data) else {
                throw TransferError.importFailed
            }
            return PickedImage(data: data, image: Image(uiImage: uiImage))
        }
    }
}

enum TransferError: Error {
    case importFailed
}

// Usage
if let picked = try? await item.loadTransferable(type: PickedImage.self) {
    selectedImage = picked.image
}

Always load in a Task to avoid blocking the main thread. Handle nil returns and thrown errors -- the user may select a format that cannot be decoded.

Privacy and Permissions

Photo Library Access Levels

iOS provides two access levels fo