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  5. Specification Gaming
Safety & Alignment

Specification Gaming

Specification gaming occurs when a system satisfies the literal objective while violating its intended outcome.

Ask Melo about this← all terms

It arises when metrics or rules omit important constraints and the optimizer discovers an unintended shortcut. Diverse tests, monitoring, and revising the objective help expose behavior that looks successful only under the proxy.

Related terms

Behavior PolicyHuman OversightIncident Response for AIAI AlignmentAdversarial RobustnessPrivacy-Preserving Machine Learning

Where Specification Gaming comes up

  • Specification gaming, Goodhart’s law, and the metrics that lie about AI
  • Where the goblins came from: OpenAI on personality rewards and lexical tics in GPT‑5.x
  • GPT-6-Astra Cheats at Chess 10/10 Times — Fable 5.1 Refuses Sometimes
  • DeepMind: 100 Agents Formed Governance After Gaming an Eval