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  5. Lethal Trifecta
Safety & Alignment

Lethal Trifecta

The lethal trifecta is the combination of private data access, exposure to untrusted content, and external communication that turns prompt injection into a data breach.

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Coined by researcher Simon Willison, the term describes the three conditions an AI agent needs, together, before an indirect prompt injection can actually exfiltrate something: access to private data, exposure to content it did not author, and a channel to send data externally. Removing any one of the three leaves an injected instruction with nothing to steal or nowhere to send it.

Related terms

Prompt InjectionAI SafetyAI GuardrailsSafety EvaluationAI AlignmentWatermark Capacity