Expo Liquid Glass

Ship Liquid Glass UI that feels native, stays legible, and degrades safely across iOS/Android.

Execution Order

1. Confirm platform/runtime constraints.
2. Check design alignment against HIG buckets (recommended for design-heavy tasks).
3. Pick one primary implementation path (add a second path only if needed).
4. Apply Apple-aligned visual rules before writing code.
5. Implement guarded glass components with explicit fallbacks.
6. Run accessibility and visual QA in both light/dark and clear/tinted appearances.

1) Preflight Constraints

• Use Liquid Glass only for controls/navigation chrome, not primary content surfaces.
• Treat these APIs as fast-moving: check current Expo SDK docs before finalizing syntax.
• Expect a development build for advanced iOS-native features: expo-glass-effect and @expo/ui are not reliable in Expo Go on iOS.
• Keep scope on Liquid Glass in Expo: use HIG rules to guide implementation, not to redesign unrelated product behavior.

2) Design Alignment (Recommended for design-heavy tasks)

For tasks that involve significant visual design decisions, evaluate against these HIG buckets:

1. Foundations Check materials, color, layout, motion, and accessibility implications.
2. Patterns Check navigation/search/flow behavior for consistency with system expectations.
3. Components Check bars, buttons, menus, fields, sidebars, and overlays used by the screen.
4. Inputs Check touch, gesture, keyboard, and pointer behavior for parity and discoverability.

See references/apple-liquid-glass-design.md for practical design guidance. If a proposed style conflicts with HIG intent, prefer the HIG-consistent option.

3) Choose the Primary Path

Path	Use It For	Tradeoffs
expo-glass-effect	Most RN screens that need glass chips, floating buttons, toolbars, grouped controls	Best default in Expo; must guard runtime availability
@expo/ui (Host + SwiftUI modifiers)	Native SwiftUI composition, advanced glass transitions, coordinated IDs/namespaces	iOS-family only, dev-build workflow, SwiftUI mental model
expo-router/unstable-native-tabs	System-native Liquid Glass tab bars and iOS 26 nav behavior	Unstable API; syntax differs between SDK 54 and 55
@callstack/liquid-glass	Non-Expo RN or teams standardizing on Callstack package	iOS/tvOS focus; also requires fallbacks and runtime checks

Combine paths when appropriate:

• Use native tabs for navigation chrome.
• Use expo-glass-effect for floating controls inside screens.
• Use @expo/ui only where SwiftUI-specific behavior is required.

4) Apple-Style Design Rules (Critical)

Apply these rules before implementing visuals:

1. Keep hierarchy in layout and spacing, not decorative layers.
2. Group related controls into shared glass clusters; separate unrelated groups with space.
3. Let content run edge-to-edge behind controls so glass has something to refract.
4. Use system controls/material first; customize minimally.
5. Move strong brand color into content/background, not navigation bars.
6. Keep icons/labels high contrast in light, dark, clear, and tinted modes.
7. Avoid full-screen glass sheets; reserve glass for top-level interaction surfaces.

5) Implementation Patterns

Pattern A: Guarded Adaptive Glass Wrapper

import { Platform, View } from 'react-native';
import { BlurView } from 'expo-blur';
import { GlassView, isGlassEffectAPIAvailable } from 'expo-glass-effect';

export function AdaptiveGlass({ style, children }) {
  if (isGlassEffectAPIAvailable()) {
    return (
      <GlassView style={style} glassEffectStyle="regular" tintColor="#FFFFFF10">
        {children}
      </GlassView>
    );
  }

  if (Platform.OS === 'ios') {
    return (
      <BlurView style={style} intensity={40} tint="dark">
        {children}
      </BlurView>
    );
  }

  return <View style={[style, { backgroundColor: 'rgba(60,60,67,0.30)' }]}>{children}</View>;
}

Pattern B: Safe expo-glass-effect Usage

• Prefer glassEffectStyle: 'regular' | 'clear' | 'identity' as needed.
• Never set opacity < 1 on GlassView or parents.
• Treat isInteractive as mount-time only. Remount using a key if it must change.
• Avoid scrollable content inside GlassView.
• Check availability with isGlassEffectAPIAvailable() before rendering.

Pattern C: Native Tabs (SDK-Specific Syntax)

SDK 55+ compound API:

<NativeTabs.Trigger name="index">
  <NativeTabs.Trigger.TabBarIcon
    ios={{ default: 'house', selected: 'house.fill' }}
    androidIconName="home"
  />
  <NativeTabs.Trigger.TabBarLabel>Home</NativeTabs.Trigger.TabBarLabel>
</NativeTabs.Trigger>

SDK 54 API:

<NativeTabs.Trigger name="index">
  <NativeTabs.Trigger.Icon sf="house.fill" md="home" />
  <NativeTabs.Trigger.Label>Home</NativeTabs.Trigger.Label>
</NativeTabs.Trigger>

Known issue: transparent NativeTabs can flash white while pushing screens in some stacks. Mitigate by setting a background color via ThemeProvider (see native-tabs reference).

Pattern D: SwiftUI Glass with Namespace IDs

Use @expo/ui when coordinated glass transitions are needed:

import { Host, Namespace, Text } from '@expo/ui/swift-ui';
import { glassEffect, glassEffectID, padding } from '@expo/ui/swift-ui/modifiers';

const ns = new Namespace('glass');

<Host style={{ width: 220, height: 56 }}>
  <Text
    modifiers={[
      padding({ all: 16 }),
      glassEffect({ glass: { variant: 'regular' } }),
      glassEffectID({ id: 'primary-chip', in: ns }),
    ]}
  >
    Explore
  </Text>
</Host>;

6) Accessibility and Quality Gates

Treat this as required before completion:

• Check AccessibilityInfo.isReduceTransparencyEnabled() and provide non-glass fallback.
• Verify legibility over bright, dark, and high-saturation backgrounds.
• Validate both clear and tinted system appearances on iOS 26.
• Keep hit targets and spacing stable during interactive animations.
• Measure scroll performance with and without glass on low-end test devices.

7) Common Failure Modes and Fixes

• Double blur in headers: Native header blur + custom glass child causes muddy layering. Use a plain translucent View in header accessories.
• Flat-looking glass: Solid backgrounds remove refraction cues. Add tonal variation, gradients, or imagery behind the surface.
• Over-customized controls: Heavy tint/border/shadow stacks reduce native feel. Start from system defaults, then tune lightly.
• Missing runtime guards: Rendering glass APIs unguarded can crash or silently degrade on unsupported builds.
• Version drift: Native-tabs and SwiftUI wrappers evolve quickly; check SDK-specific docs before coding.

8) Reference Loading Strategy

Load only what is needed for the task:

• references/expo-ui-swiftui.md: SwiftUI component mapping, Host layout, modifier patterns.
• references/native-tabs.md: Native tab behaviors, migration notes, known issues.
• references/callstack-liquid-glass.md: Callstack setup and compatibility tradeoffs.
• references/apple-liquid-glass-design.md: Apple-aligned composition, hierarchy, motion, and accessibility rules.

If a request is design-heavy (not API-heavy), prioritize Apple visual rules in this file first, then pull API syntax from the relevant reference.