Web3 Smart Contract Testing

Master comprehensive testing strategies for smart contracts using Hardhat, Foundry, and advanced testing patterns.

Do not use this skill when

• The task is unrelated to web3 smart contract testing
• You need a different domain or tool outside this scope

Instructions

• Clarify goals, constraints, and required inputs.
• Apply relevant best practices and validate outcomes.
• Provide actionable steps and verification.
• If detailed examples are required, open resources/implementation-playbook.md.

Use this skill when

• Writing unit tests for smart contracts
• Setting up integration test suites
• Performing gas optimization testing
• Fuzzing for edge cases
• Forking mainnet for realistic testing
• Automating test coverage reporting
• Verifying contracts on Etherscan

Hardhat Testing Setup

// hardhat.config.js
require("@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox");
require("@nomiclabs/hardhat-etherscan");
require("hardhat-gas-reporter");
require("solidity-coverage");

module.exports = {
  solidity: {
    version: "0.8.19",
    settings: {
      optimizer: {
        enabled: true,
        runs: 200,
      },
    },
  },
  networks: {
    hardhat: {
      forking: {
        url: process.env.MAINNET_RPC_URL,
        blockNumber: 15000000,
      },
    },
    goerli: {
      url: process.env.GOERLI_RPC_URL,
      accounts: [process.env.PRIVATE_KEY],
    },
  },
  gasReporter: {
    enabled: true,
    currency: "USD",
    coinmarketcap: process.env.COINMARKETCAP_API_KEY,
  },
  etherscan: {
    apiKey: process.env.ETHERSCAN_API_KEY,
  },
};

Unit Testing Patterns

const { expect } = require("chai");
const { ethers } = require("hardhat");
const {
  loadFixture,
  time,
} = require("@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers");

describe("Token Contract", function () {
  // Fixture for test setup
  async function deployTokenFixture() {
    const [owner, addr1, addr2] = await ethers.getSigners();

    const Token = await ethers.getContractFactory("Token");
    const token = await Token.deploy();

    return { token, owner, addr1, addr2 };
  }

  describe("Deployment", function () {
    it("Should set the right owner", async function () {
      const { token, owner } = await loadFixture(deployTokenFixture);
      expect(await token.owner()).to.equal(owner.address);
    });

    it("Should assign total supply to owner", async function () {
      const { token, owner } = await loadFixture(deployTokenFixture);
      const ownerBalance = await token.balanceOf(owner.address);
      expect(await token.totalSupply()).to.equal(ownerBalance);
    });
  });

  describe("Transactions", function () {
    it("Should transfer tokens between accounts", async function () {
      const { token, owner, addr1 } = await loadFixture(deployTokenFixture);

      await expect(token.transfer(addr1.address, 50)).to.changeTokenBalances(
        token,
        [owner, addr1],
        [-50, 50],
      );
    });

    it("Should fail if sender doesn't have enough tokens", async function () {
      const { token, addr1 } = await loadFixture(deployTokenFixture);
      const initialBalance = await token.balanceOf(addr1.address);

      await expect(
        token.connect(addr1).transfer(owner.address, 1),
      ).to.be.revertedWith("Insufficient balance");
    });

    it("Should emit Transfer event", async function (