Diagram Design

Create visual diagrams as self-contained HTML files with inline SVG and CSS, following an opinionated editorial design system.

Twenty-seven visual types. Semantic patterns describe behavior independently; type references describe layout. Details load from references/ only when selected.

0. First-time setup — style guide gate

Before generating your first diagram in a new project, verify the style guide has been customized.

Don't silently ship default-skinned diagrams into a branded project.

Open references/style-guide.md and check the default tokens. If they're still the shipped defaults (paper #f5f5f5, ink #2d3142, accent #eb6c36 atomic-tangerine), pause and ask the user:

"This is your first Schematic in this project. The style guide is still at the default (neutral white-smoke + atomic-tangerine). Do you want to customize it to match your brand first? Options: (a) pull from your website URL, (b) extract from an installed skill, (c) extract from a local folder / design-system directory, (d) paste tokens manually, (e) proceed with the default for now."

Then branch:

• (a) → follow references/onboarding.md § URL to fetch the site, extract palette + fonts, propose a diff, and write style-guide.md.
• (b) → follow references/onboarding.md § Skill — ask which skill, read its SKILL.md / CSS / token files, map to semantic roles, propose diff.
• (c) → follow references/onboarding.md § Folder — ask for the path, glob for CSS/JSON/MD token files, map to semantic roles, propose diff.
• (d) → accept the user's tokens and write them into style-guide.md under a new "Custom tokens" section.
• (e) → proceed; optionally remind the user they can run onboarding later.

Once the style guide has been customized (or the user explicitly opted for default), skip this gate on subsequent runs. A simple way to detect customization: if the accent value in style-guide.md differs from #eb6c36, assume custom.

1. Philosophy

The highest-quality move is usually deletion.

Applied to schematics:

• Every node represents a distinct idea. Two nodes that always travel together are one node.
• Every connection carries information. If the relationship is obvious from layout, remove the line.
• Coral is editorial, not a flag. 1–2 focal nodes per diagram. Using it on 5 nodes erases the signal.
• The schematic isn't done when everything is added. It's done when nothing can be removed.

Target density: 4/10. Enough to be technically complete. Not so dense it needs a guide. Above 9 nodes, it's probably two diagrams.

2. When to Use

Use for any of the 27 visual types (§3) when a reader will learn more from a visual than from prose, a table, or a bulleted list.

Don't use for:

• Quick unicode diagrams → use wiretext.
• Lists of things → table or bullets.
• Simple before/after → table.
• One-shape "diagrams" → just write the sentence.

Before drawing, ask: Would the reader learn more from this than from a well-written paragraph? If no, don't draw.

3. Selection: semantic pattern, then visual type

When behavior, state, enforcement, or risk carries the meaning, first load references/semantic-patterns.md and choose one primary pattern. Then choose the nearest visual type for layout. If no pattern matches, choose the type directly.

The pattern owns semantic primitives and its tighter budget; the type owns layout grammar. Use references/animation.md only when motion is requested or materially clarifies ordered change; static remains the default.

Visual-type guide (27)

Rules of thumb:

• If a 3-column table communicates the same thing, pick the table.
• If two types seem useful, pick the dominant axis; a semantic pattern may add behavior-specific primitives, not a second layout grammar.
• If you're past the complexity budget (§7), split into an overview + detail.

Always load the chosen references/type-*.md before drawing. When routed above, also load semantic-patterns.md; when animation is chosen, load animation.md.

Confirm before drawing

Before rendering, state the plan in one short message: the chosen visual type (and semantic pattern, if routed), the size preset, and anything the complexity budget (§7) will force out. If the user is reachable, let them redirect before you draw; if not, proceed and note the assumptions beside the deliverable. Skip the pause only when the request already pins type, size, and content exactly.

4. Universal Anti-patterns

These mark "AI slop" schematics of any type:

Type-specific anti-patterns live in each references/type-*.md.

5. Design System

The design system is skinnable. All colors, typography, and tokens live in a single source of truth — references/style-guide.md. This file describes semantic roles (paper, ink, muted, accent, link, …). The default skin is a cool editorial palette (white-smoke paper, jet-black ink, atomic-tangerine accent, blue-slate muted, silver hairlines); to apply your own brand, either edit style-guide.md directly or run the URL-based flow described in references/onboarding.md.

When specs below or in type references mention "ink", "accent", "muted", etc., look up the current hex value in style-guide.md.

Semantic roles (at a glance)

Focal rule: accent goes on 1–2 elements max. Everything else is ink / muted / soft. If you're tempted to accent 4 things, you haven't decided what's focal yet.

Node type → treatment

Typography (summary — full spec in style-guide.md)

• Title — Instrument Serif, 1.75rem, 400 — H1 only
• Node name — Geist (sans), 12px, 600 — human-readable labels
• Sublabel — Geist Mono, 9px — ports, URLs, field types
• Eyebrow / tag — Geist Mono, 7–8px, uppercase, tracked — type tags, axis labels
• Arrow label — Geist Mono, 8px — annotation on arrows
• Editorial aside — Instrument Serif italic, 14px — callouts only

Mono is for technical content. Names are Geist sans. Page title is Instrument Serif. Italic Instrument Serif is reserved for annotation callouts. Never JetBrains Mono as a blanket "dev" font.

<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Instrument+Serif:ital@0;1&family=Geist:wght@400;500;600&family=Geist+Mono:wght@400;500;600&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">

6. Core SVG Primitives

Universal building blocks. Type-specialized primitives (lifeline, activation bar, region) live in the relevant references/type-*.md. Optional primitives:

• Editorial callouts → primitive-annotation.md
• Hand-drawn variant → primitive-sketchy.md
• Icon set (laptop, server, DB, K8s, Docker, AWS, …) → primitive-icons.md. Browse the gallery at assets/icons.html.
• Terminal / CLI-window variant → primitive-terminal.md
• Optional explanatory motion → animation.md

Background

Default: clean paper, no dot pattern. Single <rect> filled with paper. Don't wrap the diagram in a secondary container background — the diagram sits directly on the page.

<rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="#f5f5f5"/>

Optional: dotted paper variant. When a long-form editorial diagram benefits from textured ground (essays, hero diagrams on a dedicated page), opt in by adding the dots pattern and a second rect:

<defs>
  <pattern id="dots" width="22" height="22" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
    <circle cx="1" cy="1" r="0.9" fill="rgba(45,49,66,0.10)"/>
  </pattern>
</defs>
<rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="#f5f5f5"/>
<rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="url(#dots)" opacity="0.6"/>

Don't use the dot pattern when the diagram sits inside a product page, slide, or card — the texture compounds with surrounding chrome and reads as noise.

Arrow markers (define all three, always)

<marker id="arrow" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="6" refX="7" refY="3" orient="auto">
  <polygon points="0 0, 8 3, 0 6" fill="#4f5d75"/>
</marker>
<marker id="arrow-accent" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="6" refX="7" refY="3" orient="auto">
  <polygon points="0 0, 8 3, 0 6" fill="#eb6c36"/>
</marker>
<marker id="arrow-link" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="6" refX="7" refY="3" orient="auto">
  <polygon points="0 0, 8 3, 0 6" fill="#2e5aa8"/>
</marker>

Draw arrows before boxes so z-order puts lines behind nodes.

Mandatory connector rules

These six rules are non-negotiable. Run the pre-output checklist (§9) to verify before producing any diagram.

1. Rounded right-angle (orthogonal) connectors are mandatory. Never use diagonal <line> or straight slanted paths between nodes that don't share an x or y axis. Every bend must be a quarter-arc with r=8 (or r=6 minimum for tight layouts). See references/type-architecture.md for the elbow-path formula. Reserve plain straight <line> only for connections whose endpoints share the same x or y coordinate. Diagonal connectors are an automatic fail.

2. Label-to-connector margin: 6–10px gap, always. A label must never sit on its arrow — the connector must remain visible. Place the label centered above (or beside, for vertical segments) the line with a minimum 6px gap between the bottom of the label's mask rect and the connector stroke. The opaque mask rect prevents the arrow from bleeding through, but the visible gap between mask edge and line preserves the reader's ability to trace the connection. If the label is large enough that 6px feels cramped, push it to 8–10px. Never let the mask rect touch or overlap the stroke.

3. No overlapping connectors. Two connectors must never share the same stroke path, run parallel on top of each other, or be drawn on top of each other for any segment. When two orthogonal arrows must cross at a single point, apply the bridge / hop primitive (see references/type-architecture.md § Crossing arrows). When two arrows naturally want to overlap, offset their routing by ≥12px so each line is independently traceable. If you find yourself stacking connectors, redesign the layout — it means two nodes are too close, or the diagram is over budget (split into overview + detail).

4. Shared edge → fan the attach points. When two or more connectors enter or exit the same edge of a box, each must have its own distinct attach point along that edge — no two connectors may share a single point on a box. Spread the attach points evenly along the edge with ≥12px between adjacent points (8px minimum for very small boxes). Routing rules:

   • For N connectors on an edge of length L, attach point k (1..N) sits at offset L * k / (N + 1) from the edge's leading corner.
   • When the connectors fan out to destinations on different sides, route each one orthogonally from its own attach point — no merging strokes near the box.
   • When two parallel connectors run in the same direction, keep them ≥12px apart along their entire length, not just at the attach point. Each arrow must remain independently traceable end-to-end.

   No connector may hide another. If you can't tell two arrows apart at a glance, the layout has failed.

5. A connector must not pass behind a box that isn't its source or destination — except when the box is geometrically unavoidable on a direct orthogonal path. Reroute around intervening boxes by default. The only legitimate exception is when a cross-cutting node (e.g., a footer service, a horizontal layer bar) physically sits between the connector's source and destination on the only straight path between them — for example, a METRICS arrow exiting an Observability footer bar and rising into a zone above must cross the Active Directory footer bar that sits between them. In that exception:

   • The stroke must be dashed (e.g., stroke-dasharray="4,3") to signal "transit, not interaction" — it tells the reader the intervening box is not an endpoint.
   • The label sits at the visible end of the connector (typically near the source) so it doesn't fall behind the intervening box.
   • No marker (arrowhead) may land on the intervening box's edge — the marker resolves at the true destination only.

   When in doubt, reroute. The exception exists for the narrow case where rerouting is geometrically impossible, not as a shortcut to avoid layout work.

6. A label mask must not overlap a node drawn after it. Rule 2 keeps the label off its own connector; this one keeps it off the boxes. Because nodes are painted after labels, a mask that lands partly inside a node is covered by the node fill and the text renders as a fragment sitting on the node border. Place the label on a segment of the connector that runs through open canvas — for a connector leaving a node's right edge, that means clearing the node's x + width before the mask starts. A mask fully inside a node is a badge chip and is fine; a mask overlapping a zone container is fine too, since zones are painted first. Verify with python3 scripts/verify-geometry.py <file>.

Node box — full pattern

<!-- 1. Opaque paper mask — prevents arrows bleeding through transparent fills -->
<rect x="X" y="Y" width="W" height="H" rx="6" fill="#f5f5f5"/>
<!-- 2. Styled box -->
<rect x="X" y="Y" width="W" height="H" rx="6" fill="FILL" stroke="STROKE" stroke-width="1"/>
<!-- 3. Rectangular type tag (rx=2, NOT a pill) -->
<rect x="X+8" y="Y+6" width="28" height="12" rx="2" fill="transparent" stroke="STROKE@0.40" stroke-width="0.8"/>
<text x="X+22" y="Y+15" fill="STROKE@0.8" font-size="7" font-family="'Geist Mono', monospace"
      text-anchor="middle" letter-spacing="0.08em">API</text>
<!-- 4. Node name (Geist sans — human-readable) -->
<text x="CX" y="CY+2" fill="#2d3142" font-size="12" font-weight="600"
      font-family="'Geist', sans-serif" text-anchor="middle">Node Name</text>
<!-- 5. Technical sublabel (Geist Mono) -->
<text x="CX" y="CY+18" fill="#4f5d75" font-size="9"
      font-family="'Geist Mono', monospace" text-anchor="middle">tech:port</text>

Arrow labels — always mask, always with margin

Every arrow label needs an opaque rect behind it. Without one it bleeds through the line. And the label must sit with a visible gap above the connector — never on top of it.

<!-- Mask sits 14px above the arrow (8px text height + 6px gap). Stroke is at ARROW_Y. -->
<rect x="MID_X-18" y="ARROW_Y-20" width="36" height="12" rx="2" fill="#f5f5f5"/>
<text x="MID_X" y="ARROW_Y-11" fill="#7a8399" font-size="8"
      font-family="'Geist Mono', monospace" text-anchor="middle" letter-spacing="0.06em">WRITE</text>

Rules:

• ≤14 characters, all-caps, centered on segment midpoint.
• Mandatory 6–10px gap between the bottom of the mask rect and the arrow stroke. The connector must remain visible — a label that hides its own arrow is a hard fail.
• Never writing-mode vertical.
• For vertical segments, place the label to the side (not on the line) with the same 6–10px horizontal gap.

Legend — horizontal strip at the bottom

Never put the legend inside the diagram area. Place as a horizontal strip after all nodes, with a hairline separator:

<line x1="30" y1="LEGEND_Y-8" x2="VIEWBOX_W-30" y2="LEGEND_Y-8"
      stroke="rgba(45,49,66,0.10)" stroke-width="0.8"/>
<text x="30" y="LEGEND_Y+8" fill="#4f5d75" font-size="8" font-family="'Geist Mono', monospace"
      letter-spacing="0.14em">LEGEND</text>
<!-- Items — horizontal row, ~160px apart -->

Expand SVG viewBox height by ~60px.

7. Layout & Spacing

4px grid

All values — font sizes, padding, node dimensions, gaps, x/y coords — divisible by 4. Non-negotiable.

Exempt: str